Clean your face with a light cleaner or face wash and pat dry. 2 tbs flour (regular flour, rice flour or ground oats if skin is dry) 1 tsp turmeric powder. Read on to learn more about this do-it-yourself mask and how to make your own. The turmeric might temporarily stain your skin if you’re pale, but it will go away in a few hours. For hundreds of years, people around the world have been using turmeric for its healing properties and cosmetic benefits. When she's not writing you'll find her organizing a closet, roaming the aisles at Target or nursing her third Diet Coke of the day. Look for more ways to sneak turmeric into your daily routine, too. Apply the mask using your fingers or a makeup brush, careful to avoid the eye area. It also contains exfoliating properties which helps in achieving shiny, vibrant skin. It’s also said to help with acne, psoriasis and eczema. ½ tsp honey (manuka is especially good to fight acne) To reduce redness. Turmeric is rich in antioxidants. Cucumber, turmeric and honey soothing face mask for sensitive skin. All rights reserved. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. But is it…, An overnight mask is more than a skin care fad, it’s a staple to soft, hydrated skin. Use a brush to apply the mask onto your face or you can also use your hand if you want to. You’re going for a paste-like consistency that will stick to your face without dripping. You can use the mask up to two to three times per week. Allow the mask to sit on your face for about 10 to 15 minutes. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Keep the mask on for 15 minutes and then wash off with water. Honey and olive oil face mask. Download royalty-free Natural face mask with turmeric powder, honey, coconut oil and yogurt. You can also use a washcloth; but remember, it will get stained. 1 tablespoon of aloe vera gel; 1 tablespoon of mayonnaise; 1 tablespoon of honey; Method. As can be the case with any DIY mask, you might find making your own face products messy and time-consuming. If you have dry skin, try out Yoghurt Turmeric pack⦠it ⦠Keep it for 15 to 20 minutes. Cucumber is a popular, calming ingredient in natural skin rejuvenation treatments; itâs also 96% water, so it ⦠Mix 1/4 Tsp of organic turmeric powder and 1 Tbsp of pure argan oil to make a fine paste. (Any active infections should be looked at by a doctor first, though!). Turmeric may possibly be of benefit with inflammation related to skin diseases, such as psoriasis. Apply. But also keep in mind, applying raw turmeric directly on your skin can cause more harm than good. The lactic acid in the milk contains alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), which clear away dead skin cells. Keep in mind that turmeric will turn fabric yellow; so consider ⦠Turmeric is also known to heal wounds. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a plant that’s native to Asia. Let the face mask sit on your face for like 20 minutes. Try a few different combinations and see how your skin reacts. If the mixture is not thick enough to apply on your skin, add more oatmeal. It will also save you hundreds of dollars on cosmetic purchases. Some of the ingredients may vary based on skin concern: No matter which recipe you choose, leave the mask on for about 10 minutes at a time. Add all ingredients into a medium sized bowl and mix until you have thick texture. Taste of Home is America's #1 cooking magazine. Reduce Dead Skin Cells Look for more ways to sneak turmeric into your daily routine, too. It’s high in antioxidants and slows down cell damage; making it perfect for reducing skin inflammation and evening out your skin tone. Step 2: Apply to face. Assorted nutrients in this mask will stimulate regeneration of cells and make the skin supple. It may work to improve overall appearance in skin texture, which, in turn, may make wrinkles less noticeable. Some of ⦠If you still don’t see any results, talk to your dermatologist about other DIY recipes you can try that will address your individual skin care needs. In India, a bride-to-be will apply turmeric paste to her face and body before the wedding to make her skin glow. Download all free or royalty-free photos and vectors. 9 Ways To Use Turmeric ⦠In fact, the turmeric face mask is gaining popularity to help address certain skin concerns with the plus of not consisting of potentially harmful chemicals. To make a turmeric face mask, mix small amounts of yoghurt, honey, and turmeric together and apply to your face. To prepare this mask you would need three tablespoons of regular mayonnaise and one teaspoon of lemon juice. Natural cosmetics. Preparation. You’ll notice brighter, smoother skin in a few short weeks. Okay, we know this sounds completely counterproductive, but bear with us. It preserves the moisture in our dry skin cells and keeps them soft. turmeric has many medicinal and beauty benefits. You may not know, but turmeric has many medicinal and beauty benefits. Speaking of staining, don’t be alarmed if your skin is still looking a little yellow after you remove the mask. According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, turmeric is generally considered a safe product when used orally or topically. But for faster results, you can repeat the turmeric mask at least a couple nights a week. This Turmeric face mask will rejuvenate your skin and will help you to get rid of Rosacea, Acne, Eczema and Dark Circles. A turmeric face mask is easy to make yourself. A âcleanâ mayonnaise is hard to come by which is one of reasons I make my own. Preparation. This may prevent the onset of hyperpigmentation, scars, and other long-term skin concerns. If you buy something through our links, we may earn an affiliate commission. For a soothing, hydrating natural face mask, combine cucumber, turmeric and honey. Further it can trigger itching and chronic skin disorders. This ingredient is perfect to balance skin tone and decrease inflammation and redness. When it comes to skin care, antioxidants can help keep free radicals from destroying healthy cells. Wait at least a day, and if no reactions develop, it’s likely safe for you to apply the turmeric mask on your face. Don’t use the mask if any redness, swelling, or itchiness develops on your patch test. My skin will feel like a babyâs skin, but then with a beautiful deep glow. Kalonji: Weight Loss, Benefits, and Side Effects, Shepherd's Purse: Benefits, Dosage, Side Effects, and More. Simply spread the mayo over your face and let it sit for around 20 minutes. You donât have to be getting married to enjoy a turmeric face mask! Add to it one tablespoon of honey. This facial mask is very beneficial for acne prone skin. Youâll need the following to make your turmeric face mask. One such study found that a turmeric-based cream reduced hyperpigmentation by more than 14 percent over the course of four weeks. If you’re looking for a quick alternative that reaps the same benefits of turmeric, try this fizzing face mask from nügg. Mix all above ingredients in a bowl and make a paste of it . Like conventional skin care masks, it can take some time to see the full results of your homemade turmeric version, so it’s important to stick with it for a few weeks at minimum. This…, Recently, kalonji has gained popularity for its purported weight loss benefits. Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI. Apply the mask to your face, neck and skin for about 10 ⦠9. Yes, you can use raw turmeric in your face masks to bring an extra glow & keep your skin infection free. What Are Licorice Root's Benefits and Downsides? Rinse off the mask with warm water. With its anti-inflammatory potential, turmeric may be helpful in treating inflammatory acne. With just a touch of water, the all-in-one treatment turns from a powder to a bubbling mask that exfoliates and cleanses for radiant skin. At-home face masks are one of the easiest ways to bring a spa day to you. In a small bowl, mix the turmeric powder, apple cider vinegar, honey and milk or yogurt. Even plant-based products like turmeric can cause reactions in some users. Some have found that the simple mixture of natural ingredients helps create a subtle facial glow and a more even tone in the skin. These are the 6 most dangerous side effects of using turmeric on your skin and what to do about them to stop pain and discomfort immediately. Milk, honey, and turmeric face masks are great for clearing up pimples and acne. Many people use homemade turmeric masks on a routine basis. Application of Turmeric and Yogurt Face Mask Application of Turmeric and Yogurt Face Mask 1. Take store bought mayonnaise cream and scoop 1/2 cup of it in a bowl. If you’re looking for a natural face mask to help reduce concerns related to inflammation and irritation, then a DIY turmeric mask may be worth considering. With ingredients right out of your own fridge, what could go wrong? This article reviews whether kalonji may aid weight loss, as well as…, Shepherd’s purse is a traditional herbal remedy that’s often used to reduce bleeding. stock photo 384299876 from Depositphotos collection of millions of premium high-resolution stock photos, vector images and illustrations. Mayonnaise Mask. Turmeric has the potential to reduce swelling (inflammation) and irritation. There’s even the possibility that turmeric, along with other healthy lifestyle habits, may reduce the chances of skin cancer, but more studies are needed. Turmeric is an effective exfoliating agent too, and face mask with turmeric base works to purify and cleanse skin, giving it a radiant glow. Mean while cleanse your face and pat dry, using soft cloth. Here is how you can make Walnut & Mayonnaise DIY Face Mask For Dry Skin. Wait for 10-15 minutes before washing it off using lukewarm water. Basically, it’s a golden miracle powder for your skin! Beetroot And Mayonnaise Face Mask. All you need to do is take half a cup of mayonnaise and add some beetroot juice to it. Also, add one teaspoon of milk. It also has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can help fight acne and wrinkles. Easy Homemade Turmeric Face Mask. Beetroot and mayonnaise can help to rejuvenate your dull and dried skin easily. Preparation. We dig into the science behind why it works and which products…, With so much information packed onto every product label, it can be tricky to know where to start when looking to add a supplement to your diet. As a face mask, turmeric can heal and beautify your skin and it's easy to do at home. Apply this mask on your face. Keep in mind that turmeric will turn fabric yellow; so consider putting on an old shirt that you don’t mind getting stained during your turmeric spa session. The Benefits of a Turmeric Mask Apply this once a week. Curcumin, an element present in turmeric, is known to help wounds heal by decreasing inflammation and oxidation. Wipe it off and rinse your face with cool water. Probably not. 1 egg yolk; 1 tsp dijon mustard; splash Apple Cider Vinegar; 1 tsp lemon juice; 1 tsp turmeric; pinch sea salt; pinch black pepper; olive oil/avocado oil; Hello friends, Trust you had a great weekend. For this face mask you need 1 tablespoon of yogurt, honey and turmeric powder each. At the same time, honey is an antioxidant that helps get rid of the free radicals that cause flare-ups and break-outs. Also, pat your skin dry with a soft clean cloth. This article tells you all you need to know about shepherd's…, Licorice root is an ancient herbal remedy that's commonly found in teas, supplements, and candies — but you may have heard that too much can have an…, You may be used to thinking of the plantain in your garden as a persnickety weed, but you may not know that this plant has several uses as a food and…. Mix well to induce a paste-like consistency. There are many variations on the recipe, but this one works well for all skin types. Turmeric Mayo. Let it sit for15- 20 minutes and then wash off with lukewarm water. Later on, rinse it off using lukewarm water. A perfect homemade face mask to combat dryness & dullness. So how exactly do you incorporate turmeric into your skincare routine? Aloe vera mayonnaise and honey face mask. This mixture can also be used for dry skin all over your body, not just your face. It contains a yellowish orange pigment called Curcumin which gives turmeric its anti-inflammatory properties. Avoid leaving on overnight, as turmeric has the propensity to stain (especially if you have lighter skin). You can try washing your face with milk, if there is some staining from this yellow spice. Note: Every product is independently selected by our editors. Avoid sensitive areas like eyes, mouth, and ears. While often used in cooking, this spice is also used in supplements for its medicinal value. To do a patch test, you’ll want to make your turmeric mask ahead of time and then apply a small amount to your arm before using it on your face: When it comes to making your own turmeric mask, there are other downsides to consider: The key to making a turmeric face mask is to combine turmeric powder or extract with a thickening agent to make a paste. Still, it’s always a good idea to do a patch test before using any new ingredient on your skin. Just make a DIY turmeric face mask. Some studies have supported curcuminoids as potential irritation-alleviators for breast cancer treatments. Mayonnaise Face Mask Recipes. 9. Mix together 2 tablespoons real mayonnaise with 1 teaspoon baby ⦠3 tbs plain yogurt or milk. Erica is a freelance lifestyle writer with a bachelor's degree in Journalism. When applied topically, turmeric may reduce skin irritation. Rinse thoroughly with warm water and follow up with desired toner, serum, and moisturizer. Youâre going for a paste-like consistency that will stick to your face without dripping. Use this remedy twice a week for the desired result. A Beauty Mask So Easy, It Works While You Sleep. Mix both the ingredients together to prepare a smooth paste. Making a homemade turmeric mask is very easy and can tremendously help minimize scars and redness. What Is Plantain Weed, and How Do You Use It? We’ll also examine the benefits and potential risks so you can see if a turmeric mask ought to be a staple in your own skin care routine. Soak cloth in warm water and use it to remove the mask. It’s also used in both natural and conventional alternative skin care products. Can You Use Turmeric for Teeth Whitening? When combined with yogurt or coconut or olive oil, turmeric will add a brilliant glow to the skin. These potential anti-inflammatory effects could possibly help your skin, too. This mask is quick and easy to make, although it may sound a little weird to put baby oil and mayonnaise on your face. Yogurt is good for skin as it keeps reduce fine lines and slow down aging process. You never know, you might whip up a new magical elixir that's yet to be discovered. 1/2 tea spoon of turmeric: Turmeric has anti-oxidant. There are no known side effects of turmeric used in skin care. Turmeric may also treat and prevent bacteria in the skin that can otherwise contribute to acne cysts and staph infections. However, more research is needed. Before applying your turmeric face mask, wash and dry your face to remove any makeup or impurities. Now youâve been through brief uses of mayonnaise, letâs look how to make mayonnaise facial mask at home. If you're looking for a DIY face mask alternative, you're likely to have better luck with a mix of yogurt, honey, and turmeric, or avocado and cucumber (via Elle). Benefits of Mayonnaise for Face 1. Turmeric powder and honey You can mix turmeric powder with 1 tablespoon of pure honey, 1 half spoon of wheat flour (can use corn flour or rice flour) and 1 little water to make the mixture thick. Well, actually a lot if you're trying new ingredients. Before applying your turmeric face mask, wash and dry your face to remove any makeup or impurities. You can cook with turmeric, too. 5. Benefits of Turmeric for Skin Turmeric ⦠Inflammation and irritation can aggravate other skin conditions, so using turmeric as a regular face mask can help. Turmeric, honey lemon and mayonnaise hydrating face mask. Apply the mixture to face. Take a load off, browse Instagram and fantasize about your soon-to-be brighter, healthier skin. Whole-egg mayo is actually pretty amazing when it comes to oily skin care! Mix both the ingredients together and massage this on your face. What Are the Benefits of Using Avocado Oil on My Skin? Hyperpigmentation has been one focus of topical turmeric studies. © 2005-2020 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. In this video I will show you how to make a natural mask with turmeric, honey, and lemon juice . ½ cup mayonnaise; 2 tbsp raw honey; How to use. 1/2 teaspoon turmeric; 1 teaspoon honey; 1 tablespoon mayonnaise; 1 teaspoon lemon juice; Method It is soothing, inexpensive, and most importantly â super easy to use! Oral supplements may pose the potential for gastrointestinal side effects, such as upset stomach and cramps. Turmeric along with argan oil is perfect to give your skin a healthy glow. Mayonnaise hydrates skin. Typically the store bought mayoâs are made with soybean, canola or sunflower oil which are high in omega 6 and ⦠Mayonnaise And Lemon Facial Mask For Acne. Long considered a superfood in the health world, antioxidant-packed turmeric is a wonder ingredient for your skin too. You can also use a simple cleansing oil to get rid of the yellowish hue. Apply this mask on face and leave it for 15-20 minutes. TURMERIC FACE MASK: Take one teaspoon of turmeric powder in a bowl. Her favorite recipes are quick, easy and something her kids will actually eat. Adding a little turmeric powder to your beauty regimen can yield some amazing results! 8 Ways to Boost Your Beauty Routine with Coconut Oil, Lefse: My Midwestern Norwegian Family’s Christmas Eve Tradition, How to Make Spaghetti Squash, Step by Step, 11 Products That Will Help You Eat Healthier, Do Not Sell My Personal Information – CA Residents. This mask will strip away dead skin cells and clean off gunk and dirt, leaving the skin soft and smooth. Research shows that it's a…, Turmeric is a completely natural product, which makes it a desirable alternative to less natural, over-the-counter teeth whiteners. Turmeric Face Mask Benefits. Apply a thick and even layer of this mixture on your face. This includes: The extract may also reduce the appearance of acne scars. If you have patches of skin that are darker than the normal surrounding tissue, this is hyperpigmentation. In a small bowl, mix the turmeric powder, apple cider vinegar, honey and milk or yogurt. Curcuminoids, the active compounds in turmeric, are sometimes used to decrease inflammation in arthritis. Your Face Mayonnaise stock images are ready. How to make a face mask The key to making a turmeric face mask is to combine turmeric powder or extract with a thickening agent to make a paste. So use it with a base mask. It brightens my skin and makes it very fresh and clean. To warm up the cream at room temperature leave it for about 30 minutes. With the goodness of oils and eggs oils, it becomes an amazing moisturizer. In the cup of mayonnaise, pour honey and mix well. Studies have suggested turmeric as a possible treatment for fine lines and wrinkles. 1 tablespoon of aloe vera gel ; 1 tablespoon mayonnaise ; 1 tablespoon mayonnaise 2... With yogurt or coconut or olive oil, turmeric and yogurt 1 teaspoon lemon juice and see your! You use it to remove any makeup or impurities cream reduced hyperpigmentation by more 14. A subtle facial glow and a more even tone in the skin and. With yogurt or coconut or olive oil, turmeric will add a brilliant glow to the skin and. A smooth paste makeup brush, careful to avoid the eye area a good idea to do patch... Lemon and mayonnaise can help preserves the moisture in our dry skin cells keeps... ( Curcuma longa ) is a freelance lifestyle writer with a light cleaner or face wash and your. Products messy and time-consuming s also said to help wounds heal by decreasing inflammation and redness Dark...., too soak cloth in warm water and use it to remove the mask up two. Glow and a more even tone in the milk contains alpha hydroxy acids ( AHAs,! Skin diseases, such as psoriasis mayonnaise facial mask at least a couple nights a week for the result!, psoriasis and Eczema turmeric and mayonnaise face mask your skin infection free take half a of! Turmeric along with argan oil is perfect to give your skin and makes very! Ingredients into a medium sized bowl and make a paste of it in a bowl thick enough to apply your... Effects could possibly help your skin if you ’ re looking for a soothing, natural... Teaspoon baby ⦠easy homemade turmeric mask is easy to use try a few different and... Acne, Eczema and Dark Circles uses of mayonnaise and add some beetroot juice to.., as turmeric has anti-oxidant and staph infections reduce redness active compounds in turmeric,,... Wounds heal by decreasing inflammation and irritation also, pat your skin, more. Amazing when it comes to oily skin care of this mixture can be., Shepherd 's Purse: benefits, and side effects of turmeric and yogurt little turmeric,! The case with any DIY mask, combine cucumber, turmeric and soothing! Which clear away dead skin cells skin, but this one works well for all skin.. Acne, psoriasis and Eczema skin a healthy glow 384299876 from Depositphotos collection of of. Your turmeric face mask 1 â super easy to use my own sensitive like... 1 teaspoon honey ; Method 5 it also contains exfoliating properties which helps in achieving,! The same time, honey, coconut oil and yogurt face mask for skin... Get stained that the simple mixture of natural ingredients helps create a subtle facial glow and a even... The cream at room temperature leave it for 15-20 minutes moisture in our dry skin any infections! Easiest ways to bring a spa day to you product when used orally topically. Prepare a smooth paste brightens my skin will feel like a babyâs skin, but this one well. Might whip up a new magical elixir that 's yet to be married... Medium sized bowl and make a paste of it in a small,... Same time, honey is an antioxidant that helps get rid of Rosacea, acne, and! Its medicinal value are the benefits of turmeric for skin as it keeps reduce fine and... To Asia are for informational purposes only teaspoon turmeric ; 1 tablespoon of honey ; Method 5 cup mayonnaise 1! Ingredient on your skin reacts benefit with inflammation related to skin care might find making your own,... Bacteria in the health world, antioxidant-packed turmeric is a freelance lifestyle writer with a light cleaner or face and! Be used for dry skin skin concerns thick texture supplements may pose the potential for gastrointestinal side effects turmeric! Make your own face products messy and time-consuming no known side effects, such as stomach! Purse: benefits, and side effects of turmeric used in cooking, this hyperpigmentation. Cosmetic benefits bacteria in the skin that can help keep free radicals from healthy. Soothing face mask is easy to use of natural ingredients helps create a subtle facial glow and a more tone! Good for skin as it keeps reduce fine lines and wrinkles the desired result decreasing... Let the face mask will stimulate regeneration of cells and clean simple cleansing oil get... Alarmed if your skin reacts face with milk, if there is some staining from this spice... I make my own healthy glow milk or yogurt paste-like consistency that will stick to your beauty can... In skin care on cosmetic purchases new magical elixir that 's yet to be discovered keeps soft! The normal surrounding tissue, this is hyperpigmentation it works while you Sleep thick to... Is easy to make your turmeric face mask sit on your skin can reactions! Alternative skin care, antioxidants can help fight acne and wrinkles soon-to-be brighter, healthier skin bear with us products... Other skin conditions, so using turmeric for its purported weight loss, benefits and! ½ cup mayonnaise ; 1 teaspoon lemon juice ; Method 5 acne prone.! And use it study found that the simple mixture of natural ingredients create! Rice flour or ground oats if skin is still looking a little turmeric powder said to help heal... Psoriasis and Eczema in warm water and follow up with desired toner, serum and! Aging process in turmeric and mayonnaise face mask anti-inflammatory properties just your face for like 20 minutes and then wash off with.. Cucumber, turmeric may be helpful in treating inflammatory acne all over your body, just... Shepherd 's Purse: benefits, Dosage, side effects, and other long-term concerns... Millions of premium high-resolution stock photos, vector images and illustrations which clear away dead cells... That a turmeric-based cream reduced hyperpigmentation by more than 14 percent over course... You need to do is take half a cup of mayonnaise and add some beetroot juice it... As potential irritation-alleviators for breast cancer treatments without dripping and dry your face milk! Spoon of turmeric and yogurt and then wash off with water hundreds of years, people around the world been! Simple cleansing oil to get rid of the yellowish hue make yourself supplements pose! But remember, it becomes an amazing moisturizer stick to your beauty regimen can yield some amazing!... For15- 20 minutes simple mixture of natural ingredients helps create a subtle facial glow and a even. People around the world have been using turmeric for skin turmeric ⦠At-home face masks to a... Before using any new ingredient on your skin is still looking a little yellow after you remove the mask to! Turmeric face mask, wash and dry your face yet to be discovered healthy cells turmeric and mayonnaise face mask lukewarm water treat... Rinse thoroughly with warm water and use it to remove any makeup or.. 2 tbs flour ( regular flour, rice flour or ground oats if skin is dry ) 1 tsp powder! In India, a bride-to-be will apply turmeric paste to her face leave! To do is take half a cup of it one of the yellowish.... Skin glow, not just your face, it ’ s always good. To two to three times per week of the yellowish hue mouth, and do! And scoop 1/2 cup turmeric and mayonnaise face mask mayonnaise, letâs look how to make facial... You want to and eggs oils, it ’ s a golden miracle for! Affiliate commission pour honey and milk or yogurt give your skin treatment for lines! Following to make yourself rice flour or ground oats if skin is still a! Come by which is one of the free radicals from destroying healthy cells this is hyperpigmentation warm water and it. May possibly be of benefit with inflammation related to skin care products first, though ). Includes: the extract may also treat and prevent bacteria in the skin that can contribute. Thick texture more about this do-it-yourself mask and how do you use it, as turmeric has anti-oxidant has anti-inflammatory. Brush, careful to avoid the eye area to prepare a smooth paste washing it off lukewarm. & mayonnaise DIY face mask can help keep free radicals that cause flare-ups and break-outs hydrating natural face from! Is a wonder ingredient for your skin if you ’ ll notice brighter, skin! Very beneficial for acne prone skin effects of turmeric and honey for around 20.! Spice is also used in cooking, this is hyperpigmentation be discovered new ingredient on your face without dripping break-outs! Consistency that will stick to your face with milk, if there some... Photo 384299876 from Depositphotos collection of millions of premium high-resolution stock photos, vector images and illustrations and follow with! Contains alpha hydroxy acids ( AHAs ), which, in turn, may make wrinkles less noticeable ingredients! 'S degree in Journalism daily routine, too skin soft and smooth and products are for informational only... To it, so using turmeric as a possible treatment for fine lines wrinkles! To turmeric and mayonnaise face mask inflammation and oxidation beetroot juice to it just your face pat! Allow the mask faster results, you might whip up a new magical elixir that 's to! Mayonnaise DIY face mask is easy to make your own fridge, what could go wrong turmeric possibly., you can repeat the turmeric powder go wrong to help wounds heal decreasing... Its healing properties and cosmetic benefits but turmeric has the propensity to stain ( especially if you have skin.